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James Shears and Sons
James Shears and Sons was a firm of London coppersmiths and braziers who were active from c1785 to 1891. The firm was founded by James Shears (c1750-1820) and continued by his two sons Daniel Towers Shears (1784–1860) and James Henry Shears (1788–1855) and subsequently by William Shears.
==The origins of the company==
James Shears was born in about 1750, the son of Thomas Shears (1709–1778) and Sarah Towers (? – 1766). He was baptised at All Saint's Church, Ockham, Surrey on 2 September 1750.〔Ockham Parish Records (Baps, Marr, Bur 1568–1812), held at the Surrey History Centre, Woking Surrey〕 James Shears was married to Ann Pitcher on 16 June 1772 at St Giles, Cripplegate, London.〔Guildhall, St Giles Cripplegate, Marriages, 1754 – 1781, P69/GIS/A/01/Ms 6421/1〕 His death on 25 June 1820 at the age of 70 is recorded in the ''Morning Chronicle'', 26 June 1820. He entered the copper trade at the age of about 12,〔According to a letter written by his daughter-in-law, Frances Shears (née Spurrell), now held at the Norfolk Records Office, he celebrated fifty years in the copper trade in 1812.〕 probably in the workshop of the coppersmith William Gore. Gore first appears in London directories in 1768 with premises at Fleet-ditch (an earlier name for Fleet Market). In 1770 the first mention occurs of William Gore at 67 Fleet-market, the address at which the company was to remain until at least 1822. By 1779 Gore had taken James Shears into partnership and the firm became Gore & Shears. In about 1785 Gore either retired or died and Shears continued the business in his name alone. Both Gore and Shears were members of the London livery company, the Worshipful Company of Armourers and Brasiers. In 1799 he was elected to the Corporation of the City of London as Councillor for the ward of Farringdon Without.
In 1810 Shears and his sons still appear to have been resident in the Fleet Market premises at Fleet Market, but at the time of his death James Shears had a house at The Oval, Kennington.
Much of the company's business at this period appears to have been as suppliers to the brewing trade, especially of the copper vats used in beer-making process. They also manufactured boilers for steam engines and so established close and enduring links with the Birmingham firm of Boulton and Watt, the leading manufacturers of steam engines. Several instances are known of Boulton & Watt recommending Shears to customers who had purchased an engine and required a suitable boiler.〔See for example a correspondence covering the years 1779–84 between Shears, Boulton & Watt and Cornish mine owners in the Boulton & Watt papers in Birmingham Central Library, MS/3147/3/375. Further references to Shears in this collection are MS/3147/3/437/S1 (1790), MS/3147/3/484/178-9 (1836). In 1804 Boulton & Watt recommended Shears to the American engineer, Robert Fulton, who required a boiler for a steam ship, H.W. Dickinson, ''Robert Fulton, engineer and artist'' (London, 1913)〕 Later the company also had connections with the sugar refining industry as evidenced by the patent granted to Daniel Towers Shears in 1850 (see below) and his subsequent connection with the Glucose Sugar and Colouring Co Ltd.〔See too the description of the plant recently supplied by Shears and Co to this company given in ''The Times'', 23 January 1867, 14a〕
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